☉

Character data

Data type                         Explanation

CDATA                                  可以包含數字,文字資料型態的"字串"
                                              不過只可使用於屬性值.
                                     
                                      Example:
                                      "$(value)"
                                      name="value"      (在此,value就是屬於CDATA)

PCDATA                                Parsed CDATA. 跟CDATA一樣,不過PCDATA還可以包含
                                               tags.

                                               Example:
                                      Text written <big> IN CAPS </big>.

NMTOKEN                            A named token,可以由數字,文字或者符號所構成
                                               (如".","-","_"和";").但不能用於變數值與element names.

                                               Example:
                                      "text"
                                       _card1
                                       a.name.token
                                      .a-perfectly-valid.name.token 

id                                            element的名字,但每一個element的id都是唯一的

                                               Example:
                                               <card id="card1"/>

  • Length

    %length這個type可用數字來表示螢幕pixel的值,或者使用百分比表示相對於垂直或者是水平的比例.例如說"50"代表50個pixel,"50%"代表可使用空間的百分之五十.

    Name          Type             Usage

    %length          CDATA              [0-9] for pixels or [0-9] + % for percentage length.


    Example(1):

    For example, the values of the hspace and vspace attributes are %length.


    <img src="bitmaps/moon.wbmp" hspace="1" vspace="1"/>


    <img src="bitmaps/moon.wbmp" hspace="2%" vspace="2%"/>


  • Vdata

    %Vdata代表變數名,只能用於屬性(attribute)

    Name          Type             Usage

    %vdata          CDATA         Attribute value possibly containing variable references.

    Example(2):

    <card id="card1" title="$(showme)">

  • Flow, inline and layout

    The %flow type represents “card-level” and the %inline type “text-level”information.

    Name          Type             Usage

    %layout        br                    Text layout, such as line breaks.

    %inline         %text
                        %layout          Indicates areas where only pure text or variable references are handled.

    %flow          %inline           Covers card-level elements, such as text and images.
                         img
                         anchor
                         a
                         table

    Examples(3):

    %flow跟%inline這類資料型態的屬性是用於表現出文件的外觀(format)


    <em>
            An emphasized line.
            <big>
                    A big and emphasized line.
            </big>
    </em>
    A line with no text formatting.
  • Text

    %type包含文字,以及formatting

    Name          Type             Usage


    %text            #PCDATA     Indicates text that contains formatting.
                         %emph

    Example(4):

    A line with plain text.


    <em>
            <strong>
                    A line with strong emphasis.
            </strong>
    </em>

  • Href

    %href type用來指向一個URL

    Name          Type             Usage


    %href           %vdata          URI, URL, or URN designating a hypertext node. May contain variable references.

    Example(5)


    <go href="http://wapforum.org/"/>
    <go href="file:///d:\dir\file.wml"/>
    <go href="app.wml"/>
    The values of intrinsic events are URLs:
    <card onenterforward="#card2"/>
    The src attribute of the img element is an URL:
    <img src="earth.wbmp"/>

  • Boolean

    %boolean type指的是"true"或者是"false"

    Name          Type             Usage


    %boolean     true | false      Logical value of true or false.

    Example(6):


    <card newcontext="true"/>
    <do optional="true" type="accept"/>

  • Number

    %number代表數字

    Name          Type             Usage

    %number     NMTOKEN     A number, from [0–9].

  • Emphasis

    %emph用來表達text的formatting

    Name          Type             Usage

    %emph         em |               Text formatting, for example italics or underlining.
                         strong |
                         b |
                          i |
                         u |
                         big |
                         small

    Example(8)


    <em>
            An emphasized line.
           <big>
                    A big and emphasized line.
            </big>
    </em>

  • Character entities and special characters

    Entity             Notation             Explanation


    quot                    &#34;                      quotation mark

    amp                    &#38;  #38;             ampersand

    apos                    &#39;                      apostrophe

    lt                         &#60;                       less than

    gt                        &#62;                       greater than

    nbsp                   &#160;                     non-breaking space

    shy                     &#173;                     soft hyphen (discretionary hyphen)

    Example(9):

    To include a special character, simply use the escaped notation described in the above table. For example,
     the following code includes a less than character (<) in the escaped form &#60;.


    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
    "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
    <wml>
            <card id="Card_1">
                 <p>
                  Numerically 5 &#60; 10
                </p>
            </card>
    </wml>

    ☉ WML Syntax

    WML inherits most of its syntactic constructs from XML. For detailed on the syntactical issues of XML, refer to the XML Specification.

    information

  • Entities

    WML可以包含文字,數字以及一些字元,但是有時候有些字元在WML中是有特別的用途或者是意義的
    為了讓我們可以在WML裡表達我們所想要的東西,此時必需靠著一些"符號+字元",這樣子才可以達到
    我們想要的.

    Example(10):


    <card id="card1">
          <p>
           Ampersand = &amp; <br/>
           Quote = &quot; <br/>
           Less than = &lt; <br/>
          </p>
    </card>

    The deck generates the following user interface in the user agent:

    　


  • tags

    tag是一個整體的描述,例<card>是一個tag,<wml>也是一個tag
    但tag可不能隨便亂標,它也有一定的型式

    <tag>    這是tag的開始;有一個tag的開始,也就要有一個tag的結束

    </tag>    tag的結束

    <tag/>    要是tag裡沒有任何的屬性或者是文字的話,那這就是一個empty element,例如說<br/>表一個換行

  • Element

    element(標籤)是構成WML最基本的元素,其最簡單的用法便是<tag> content </tag>或者是</tag>
    其中</tag>代表它是一個empty element,沒有內文(content)

  • Attributes

    attributes(屬性),用來表示element的額外的資訊,例如<tag attr="value"/>,記得屬性名得小寫.
    而且屬性值記得用(")或(')包起來,(')可以被包含在(")裡面
    有一些element一定需要用attribute來配合,例如go這個element需要href這個attribute

    <go href="http://www.acme.com"/>

  • Comments

    其使用方法跟XML一樣,在user agent劉覽時,會被省略

    <!--    a comment    -->

  • Variable

    在WML裡,我們也可以像在寫程式一樣取變數,例如:

    $identifier

    $(identifier)

    $(identifier:conversion)

    其中$是用來取變數值的

    Example(11):

    A sequence of two dollar signs ($$) represents a single dollar sign character.

    The WML code could take the following form:

            This is a $$ character.

            The value is $(amount)$$.

    In the user agent, this would be displayed as:

            This is a $ character.

            The value is 5000$.

  • Case sensitivity

    在WML裡,接收event的處理物件是不一樣的

    Example(12):

    The following attribute values are all different:

    id="Card1"

    id="card1"

    id="CARD1"

    如上所示,雖然同一個element,但 酗T個不同的attribute value,所以當� vent發生時,
    會由相對的物件來處理,並不會三個同時都有動作

  • Cdata section

    Cdata區(讀做"c""data"),在這個區塊內的文字,在user agent劉覽時,會被一字不動的呈現出來

    用法"<![cdata[ ........................]]>"

    for example:

    <![cdata[ This is <b> a test ]]>

    在user agent中我們會看到 

    This is <b> a test