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The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity.
It was a
system of semaphores, or tall poles with movable arms, and other
signaling
apparatus, set within physical sight of one another.
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There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at
during the Battle
of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come
to Dover by
ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in (obscuring the
line of sight)
and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback
arrived.
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