適用於P2P檔案分享系統傳輸協定之設計


A UDP-Based Protocol for Distributed P2P File Sharing


許弘奇

Peer-to-Peer(P2P)架構讓社群內的使用者收集分散在網路各處之資源,其中最為風行的 P2P系統當屬P2P檔案分享系統。P2P檔案分享系統之架構可分為集中式及分散式,而分散 式架構又可細分為結構化及非結構化兩種。採用分散式且非結構化之BitTorrent-like架 構,因其可擴張性較佳而廣為風行。在經驗中發現,BitTorrent-like架構在非對稱網路 之下雖擁有寬裕的下行頻寬,但是其頻寬使用率卻不高,我們分析其成因如下:(1) Fractional Upward Bandwidth (FUB) 、 (2)Blockage of Acknowledgement (BoA) 與 (3)Long Physical Paths 等。而其中的Blockage of ACK問題,現今尚未有研究學者提 出完整解決方案。本研究之目的,即要針對此Blockage of ACK的問題,改良網路協定中 的傳輸層 (Transport Layer) 協定以提昇P2P檔案分享系統之效能。我們改用UDP作為傳 輸層協定,並在應用層加入自動重建遺失之封包、決定基本傳輸單位大小及決定資料傳送 速率等機制,以彌補UDP之缺陷。文中並提供了傳輸協定運作時所需參數的估計法,並且 也與其它傳輸協定做效能之比較。實驗結果發現,我們設計的傳輸協定確可改善P2P檔案 共享系統的運作效能。

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architectures let participants gather resources form network and make participants acquire more computation resources than they could offer. One of the most prominent P2P systems is P2P file sharing system. P2P file sharing system could be classified into to 2 categories: centralized and decentralized model. BitTorrent-like model is a kind of decentralized and unstructured model. BT-like model is quit popular nowadays due to its scalability. Unfortunately, BitTorrent-like model has several shortcomings on performance over asymmetric networks, because of these problems: fractional upward bandwidth, blockage of acknowledgement and long physical paths. There are no complete solutions for blockage of ackownlegement. We propose a new UDP-based protocol to alleviate this problem. UDP protocol lacks for data-integraty and can’t determine transmission rate by its own. To form a complete solution, we have to design some co-operating mechanisms for UDP, such as packet loss recovery, segment size determination and data rate determination mechanism etc. Experiments have shown that our proposed protocol has good improvement on performance. We hope that our protocol would help P2P file sharing participants have performance gain.